Гении не умели читать

Geniuses do not know how to read

Перепечатано из Газета ру

ТЕКСТ: София Нескучная

ФОТО: arthistory.ru

Портрет Пикассо (Сальвадор Дали)

Ученые полагают, что секрет таланта Леонардо Да Винчи и успеха Пабло Пикассо кроется в их дислексии. Этим великим, натерпевшимся от своей «словесной слепоты», что поражает в среднем одного из 12 детей, природа, похоже, воздала выдающимся пространственным воображением. Именно оно отличает художника-ремесленника от первоклассного мастера.

Открытие, сделанное психологами из Мидлсекского университета (Лондон, Великобритания), способно объяснить необъяснимое — к примеру, причины гениальности отдельных выдающихся мастеров и непреходящую ценность их работ. Они опубликовали свои изыскания в статье в журналеLearning and Individual Differences , о которой рассказывает «Компьюлента».

41 участник эксперимента, мужчины и женщины, подверглись тестированию, которое оценивало их визуально-пространственное восприятие. Мы привыкли думать об этой способности только как об умении читать карты или безошибочно парковаться, но она также имеет отношение и к точной обработке 3D-информации. А последнее — ключ к успеху в живописи и дизайне.

Примерно половина подопытных были дислектиками, то есть испытывали серьезные трудности с распознанием слов, чтением и правописанием. Мужчины-дислектики справлялись лучше других со множеством тестов, в которых надо было вспомнить поворот головы Королевы на почтовой марке и воспроизвести рисунок с цветными предметами. Кроме того, они быстрее и точнее прокладывали путь через «виртуальный город» в компьютерном задании.

По словам ученых, у их открытия есть несколько объяснений, включая, к примеру, такое: дислектики компенсируют фонологические языковые проблемы развитием пространственного восприятия. Доктор Никола Брунсвик, ведущий автор работы, добавляет: «Кроме того, многие дислектики предпочитают решать проблемы в первую очередь головой, крепко все обдумывая, а не языком. Это развивает те необходимые черты, которые приводят к успеху в художественных, творческих профессиях».

А вот женщины-дислектики по сравнению с обычными дамами никаких чудес пространственной ориентации не выказали; возможно, дело в том, что искусное обращение с 3D-изображениями — это больше «мужская» черта.

Да, идея о том, что дислексия приводит пространственное восприятие к новому качеству, не нова, но исследование впервые доказало это со всей наглядностью. Слово доктору Брунсвику: «В прежних работах в основном фигурировали тесты типа «Вот вам бумага и карандаш…», но разве так можно «измерить» реальные способности? А теперь мы имеем стопроцентные доказательства того, что мужчины-дислектики в этой области лучше».

Известно, что дислексия принесла немало неприятностей таким художникам, как Да Винчи, Пикассо, Роден и Энди Уорхол. Вполне возможно также, что дислексия сыграла важную роль в становлении некоторых великих изобретателей вроде Томаса Эдисона и ученых — к примеру, Майкла Фарадея.

Scientists believe that the secret talent of Leonardo Da Vinci and Pablo Picasso’s success lies in their dyslexia. This great, naterpevshimsya from his “word blindness” that strikes a middle one of 12 children, nature seems to have paid tribute to the outstanding spatial imagination. That is what distinguishes the artist-craftsman of the first-class masters.

Discovery by psychologists from Middlesex University (London, UK), can explain the inexplicable - for instance, the causes of individual genius, outstanding artists and intrinsic value of their work. They published their research in an article in zhurnaleLearning and Individual Differences, of which tells “Kompyulenta.

41 members of the experiment, men and women who underwent testing, which assessed their visual-spatial perception. We used to think about this ability only as an ability to read maps or error-free park, but it also has been linked to the precise handling 3D-information. And last - the key to success in art and design.

Approximately half of the experimental were dyslexic, that is experiencing serious difficulties with an understanding of words, reading and spelling. Male dyslexics cope better than others with a lot of tests that had to recall the turn of the head of the Queen on a postage stamp and play the pattern with colored objects. In addition, they are faster and more accurate way through a “virtual city” in a computer job.

According to scientists, their discoveries are several explanations, including, for example, is as follows: phonological dyslexics compensate for language problems of spatial perception. Dr. Nicola Brunswick, lead author of the work, adds: “In addition, many dyslexics prefer to solve problems in the first head, all the hard thinking, not language. It develops those necessary traits that lead to success in the artistic and creative professions. ”

But female dyslexics as compared to conventional ladies no miracles spatial orientation is not made known, perhaps, the fact that the skilful handling of 3D-images - it’s more “masculine” trait.

Yes, the idea that dyslexia results in spatial perception to a new quality, is not new, but the study was first proved this with all clarity. The word doctor Brunswick: “In previous works mainly featured tests such as” Here’s a paper and pencil … “, but did so to” measure “the actual ability? And now we have a hundred percent proof that male dyslexics in this area better. ”

It is known that dyslexia has brought a lot of trouble such artists as Da Vinci, Picasso, Rodin and Andy Warhol. It is also possible that dyslexia has played an important role in establishing some of the great inventors like Thomas Edison and scientists - for example, Michael Faraday.

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